Comparative Profitability and Yield Determinants of Hybrid and Local Tomato Production in Parachinar, Pakistan: Evidence from Farm-Level Data

Abstract

This study compares the profitability of hybrid and local tomato production in Parachinar, Pakistan, and identifies the factors influencing tomato yield. Data from 112 tomato growers were analyzed using enterprise budgeting, t-tests, and OLS regression. Hybrid tomatoes produced significantly higher yields (2,955.5 kg acre⁻¹) and net returns (Rs. 106,095 acre⁻¹) than local varieties, despite slightly higher production costs. The benefit-cost ratio was also higher for hybrid production (2.04) than for local production (1.92). Regression results revealed that labor use and the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers significantly increased yield, while tractor use had no significant effect. The findings suggest that hybrid tomato cultivation offers a more profitable and productive option for farmers. Promoting access to quality hybrid seed and improved nutrient management can further enhance tomato productivity and farm income.

Keywords- Hybrid tomato, profitability, productivity, yield determinants, Pakistan